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ب · ت · ث
Same 'boat' shape. One dot below (ب), two above (ت), three above (ث).
ب ت ث
ba, ta, tha
Beginner
Tell them apart by their dots
Many Arabic letters share the same skeleton and are only distinguished by dots. Study each group carefully — this is one of the most common early mistakes.
Same 'boat' shape. One dot below (ب), two above (ت), three above (ث).
ب ت ث
ba, ta, tha
Same curved shape. Dot inside (ج), no dot (ح), dot above (خ).
ج ح خ
jim, ha, kha
Same hook. No dot (د), one dot above (ذ).
د ذ
dal, dhal
Same tail. No dot (ر), one dot above (ز).
ر ز
ra, zay
Same three teeth. No dots (س), three dots above (ش).
س ش
sin, shin
Same loop. No dot (ص), one dot above (ض).
ص ض
sad, dad
Same body. No dot (ط), one dot above (ظ).
ط ظ
ta, dha
Same shape. No dot (ع), one dot above (غ).
ع غ
'ayn, ghayn
Similar shape. One dot above (ف), two dots above (ق).
ف ق
fa, qaf