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Fatha (a)
A small line above the letter — short 'a' sound.
بَ تَ مَ
ba, ta, ma
Beginner
Fatha, Kasra, Damma, Sukoon
Short vowels are written above or below letters. Master these four marks and you can begin reading.
A small line above the letter — short 'a' sound.
بَ تَ مَ
ba, ta, ma
A small line below the letter — short 'i' sound.
بِ تِ مِ
bi, ti, mi
A small 'waw' above the letter — short 'u' sound.
بُ تُ مُ
bu, tu, mu
A small circle — the letter is pronounced without a vowel.
بْ تْ مْ
The letter is closed / stopped.
Combine consonants + harakat to form syllables.
كَتَبَ
kataba — 'he wrote'